上呼吸道感染

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上呼吸道感染(醫學上簡稱URTI或URI)係指發生在上呼吸道，即鼻腔、鼻竇、咽頭和喉嚨的急性感染。病徵包括咳嗽、流鼻水、喉痛、發燒和肌痛。流行性感冒的病徵與上呼吸道感染近似，但治療方法不同，所以要把兩者好好區分。上呼吸道感染是由病毒感染引起；而流行性感冒的感染原因可以是細菌或真菌。

Although viruses are the most likely etiology of URIs and are not amenable to antibiotic treatment, antibiotics continue to be widely prescribed for this illness. Unnecessary adverse effects of antibiotics and development of antimicrobial resistance can be reduced by judicious use of these drugs. In patients with URTIs, antimicrobial therapy generally has been shown to result in symptom resolution 1 to 2 days sooner than when symptomatic measures alone are used. Some high risk patients with underlying pulmonary disease, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), are more likely to benefit from antibiotics when they develop symptoms consistent with a URTI. Health care providers generally try to educate their patients about the self-limited nature of most URIs and the hazards of inappropriate use of antibiotics for the individual patient and the community.

[编辑] 外部連結

• The Flu and Cold: Tips on Prevention and Feeling Better
• Lecture on Upper respiratory tract infection