印度皇帝

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本条目是关于正式的头衔印度皇帝，关于其他被称为印度皇帝的君主请参见印度君主列表。

新冠换旧冠一图表现了英国首相迪斯雷利像阿拉丁的哑剧版本中的首相贾方用新灯换旧灯一样把维多利亚女王的王冠换成了皇冠。

印度皇帝（英语：Emperor of India），阴性形式为印度女皇（英语：Empress of India），是莫卧儿帝国末代皇帝巴哈杜尔·沙二世和统治英属印度殖民地的英国君主的正式头衔。

有时候，“印度皇帝”一词也被用来指阿育王、阿克巴等印度的君主，但“印度皇帝”并不是他们的正式头衔。

[编辑] 巴哈杜尔·沙二世

Though the Mughal dynasty ruled over most of the Indian subcontinent from the 17th century onwards, they simply used the title padshah (considered in the West to be equivalent to emperor) without geographic designation. During the Indian rebellion of 1857, the rebel sepoys seized Delhi and proclaimed the Mughal Bahadur Shah II as padshah-i Hind, or Emperor of India. After the rebellion was crushed, he was captured and was exiled to Rangoon, Burma (now Yangon, Myanmar) in 1858, and the Mughal dynasty came to an end.

[编辑] 英属印度皇帝

After the Mughal Emperor was deposed by the British East India Company, and after the company itself was dissolved, the title "Empress of India" was taken by Queen Victoria in 1877. The title was created nineteen years after the formal incorporation into the British Empire of Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent, comprising most of modern-day India (excluding Portuguese colony Goa, State of Sikkim, French colony Pondicherry), Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Burma (though the latter would be made a separate colony in 1937).

Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli is usually credited with creating the title for her. Also, the title was created when it became evident that Queen Victoria's daughter, Victoria, Princess Royal, would become an empress when her husband ascended the German imperial throne.

When Victoria died, and her son Edward VII ascended the throne, his title became "Emperor of India". The title continued until India and Pakistan became independent from the United Kingdom at midnight on 14/15 August 1947. The title itself was not formally abandoned by Edward VIII's successor, George VI, until 1948.

When signing their name for Indian business, a British King-Emperor or reigning Queen-Empress used the initials R I (Rex/Regina Imperator/Imperatrix) or the abbreviation Ind. Imp. (Indiae Imperator/Imperatrix) after their name (while the one reigning Queen-Empress, Victoria, used the initials R I, the three consorts of the married King-Emperors simply used R). This was also used on many British coins, including some 1948 coins of George VI.

When a male monarch held the title, his Queen Consort assumed the title Queen-Empress, but unlike Queen Victoria, they themselves were not reigning monarchs but the consorts of reigning monarchs.

[编辑] 印度皇帝和皇后列表

A plaque on the Manchester Town Hall records George VI's titles before giving up being Emperor of India.

Signature of King Edward VIII
The 'R' and 'I' after his name indicate 'king' and 'emperor' in Latin ('Rex' and 'Imperator').

[编辑] 印度和巴基斯坦国王

George VI continued to hold the title King of India for two years during the short Governor-Generalships of Lord Mountbatten and of C. Rajagopalachari until India became a republic on 26 January 1950. George VI remained as King of the United Kingdom and King of Pakistan until his death in 1952. Pakistan became a republic on 23 March 1956, so Elizabeth II was Queen of Pakistan for four years.

[编辑] 参见

• List of Indian monarchs
• List of Mughal emperors
• List of British monarchs
• Mughal Empire
• President of India
• President of Pakistan
• Governor-General of Pakistan
• Governor-General
• HMS Emperor of India (1913), the battleship

[编辑] 参考资料

• 《剑桥插图大英帝国史》，英国·P.J.马歇尔主编，樊新志、惠春琳译，世界知识出版社 ISBN 7-5012-2301-7
• 《殖民主义史·总论卷》，高岱、郑家馨著，北京大学出版社 ISBN 7-301-059597/K·0315
• 《西方文明史》，美国·罗伯特·E·勒纳、斯坦迪什·米查姆、爱德华·麦克纳尔·伯恩斯著，王觉非等译，中国青年出版社 ISBN 7-5006-4251-2