吡啶
| align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 3px;" colspan="2" | Pyridine |
|---|---|
| align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 3px;" colspan="2" | General |
| Systematic name | Pyridine |
| Other names | Azabenzene Azine py |
| Molecular formula | C5H5N |
| SMILES | C1=NC=CC=C1 |
| Molecular Weight | 79.10 g/mol |
| Appearance | colourless liquid |
| CAS number | 110-86-1 |
| align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 3px;" colspan="2" | Properties |
| Density and phase | 0.9819 g/cm³, liquid |
| Solubility in water | Miscible |
| Solubility in ethanol | Miscible |
| Melting point | −41.6 °C |
| Boiling point | 115.2 °C |
| Viscosity | 0.94 cP at 20 °C |
| align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 3px;" colspan="2" | Thermodynamic data |
| Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH°liquid |
101.2 kJ/mol |
| Standard enthalpy of combustion ΔcH°liquid |
−2783.2 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy S°liquid |
? J.K−1.mol−1 |
| align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 3px;" colspan="2" | Hazards |
| EU classification | Flammable (F) Harmful (Xn) |
| NFPA 704 | |
| R-phrases | R11
, R20, R21, R22 |
| S-phrases | S2
, S26 , S28 |
| Flash point | 21 °C |
| align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 3px;" colspan="2" | Supplementary data page |
| Structure and properties |
n, εr, etc. |
| Thermodynamic data |
Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
| Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS |
| Regulatory data | Flash point, RTECS number, etc. |
| align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 3px;" colspan="2" | Related compounds |
| Related amines | Picoline Quinoline |
| Related compounds | Aniline Pyrimidine |
| align="center" cellspacing="3" style="border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 3px;" colspan="2" | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
吡啶(Pyridine),系统名氮杂苯,CAS号110-86-1。分子式C5 H5 N,分子量79.10。
吡啶在常温下是一种无色有特殊气味的液体,熔点-41.6℃,沸点115.2℃,密度0.9819g/cm3 。易溶于水和乙醇,本身也可作溶剂。
从结构上看,吡啶是一种杂环化合物,是一个氮原子取代了苯上的一个碳原子而形成的化合物。氮原子的5个电子中,3个用来与其它碳原子形成大Π键,因此吡啶仍有芳香性。另外2个是定域的孤电子对,所以吡啶具有碱性,也是一种良好的配体(作配体时记作py)。其共轭酸吡啶合氢离子的pKa值为5.30。
吡啶可从天然煤焦油中获得,也可由乙醛和氨制得。除作溶剂外,吡啶在工业上还可用作变性剂、助染剂,以及合成一系列产品的起始物,包括药品、消毒剂、染料、食品调味料、粘合剂、炸药等等。
吡啶有毒,吸入、摄取或皮肤接触可导致男性生育能力降低,也可致癌。



