孟斐斯 (埃及)
维库，知识与思想的自由文库
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| 孟斐斯的象形文字，背景是拉美西斯二世的雕像 | ||
| 英文名 | Memphis and its Necropolis - the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshura | |
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| 法文名 | Memphis et sa nécropole - les zones des pyramides de Guizeh à Dahchour | |
| 登录类型 | 文化遗产 | |
| 评定标准 |
文化遗产i, iii, vi |
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| 登录年份 | 1979年 | |
| 拓展年份 | ||
| 备考 | ||
| 官方网页 | UNESCO（英语） | |
| 地图 | ||
| [[ | 孟斐斯 (埃及)的位置]] | |
Memphis was the ancient capital of the first nome of Lower Egypt, and of the Old Kingdom of Egypt from its foundation until around 1300 BC. Its Ancient Egyptian name was Ineb Hedj ("The White Walls"). The name "Memphis" is the Greek deformation of the Egyptian name of Pepi I's (6th dynasty) pyramid, Men-nefer, which became Menfe in Coptic. The modern cities and towns of Mit Rahina, Dahshur, Saqqara, Abusir, Abu Gorab, and Zawyet el'Aryan, south of Cairo, all lie within the administrative borders of historical Memphis (北纬29度50分58.8秒，东经31度15分15.4秒 ). Memphis was also known in Ancient Egypt as Ankh Tawy ("That which binds the Two Lands"), thus stressing the strategic position of the city between Upper and Lower Egypt.
The ruins of Memphis are 19 km (12 miles) south of Cairo, on the west bank of the Nile.
The city was founded around 3100 BC by Menes of Tanis[可疑 (讨论)], who united the two kingdoms of Egypt; with some 30,000 inhabitants, it was by far the largest settlement worldwide from the time of its foundation until around 2250 BC and from 1557 to 1400 BC. [1] Memphis reached a peak of prestige under the 6th Dynasty as a centre of the cult of Ptah. It declined briefly after the 18th Dynasty with the rise of Thebes and was revived under the Persian satraps before falling firmly into second place following the foundation of Alexandria. Under the Roman Empire, Alexandria remained the most important city. Memphis remained the second city of Egypt until the establishment of Fustat (or Fostat) in 641. It was then largely abandoned and became a source of stone for the surrounding settlements. It was still an imposing set of ruins in the 12th century but soon became little more than an expanse of low ruins and scattered stone.
The remains of the temple of Ptah and of Apis have been uncovered at the site as well as a few statues, including two four-metre ones in alabaster of Ramesses II. The Saqqara necropolis is close to Memphis.
The Egyptian historian Manetho referred to Memphis as Hi-Ku-P'tah ("Place of the Ka of Ptah"), which he wrote in Greek as Aί γυ πτoς (Ai-gu-ptos), giving us the Latin AEGYPTVS and the modern English Egypt. The term Copt is also believed to be etymologically derived from this name.
In the Bible, Memphis is called Moph or Noph.
[编辑] 参考资料
- Baines & Malek Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt, 2000. ISBN 0-8160-4036-2
[编辑] 外部链接
| 编辑古埃及 |
| 地理: 尼罗河 | 上埃及和下埃及 | 亚历山卓 | 康翁波 | 孟斐斯 | 菲莱岛 | 薩卡拉 | 底比斯 | 国王谷 | 王后谷 |
| 九柱神: 拉 | 休 | 泰芙努特| 盖布 | 努特 | 欧西里斯 | 艾西斯 | 塞特 | 奈芙蒂斯 |
| 其他神祗: 阿蒙 | 阿努比斯 | 阿匹卜 | 圣牛阿匹斯 | 阿吞 | 巴思提特 | 哈索尔 | 荷鲁斯 | 克普瑞 | 凯宏斯 | 玛特 | 敏 | 奈特 | 卜塔 | 拉 |
| 科技: 埃及金字塔 | 卡尔纳克神庙 | 狮身人头像 | 亚历山卓灯塔 | 亚历山卓图书馆 | 帝王谷 |
| 文化: 木乃伊 | 荷鲁斯的四个儿子 | 卡诺卜坛 | 安克 | 死亡之书 | 埃及神庙 | 巫沙布提俑 |
孟斐斯，古代下埃及的一個城市，位於開羅以南，相傳是埃及首位法老美尼斯所建。由古王國時期開始，除第十一王朝和第十二王朝以外孟斐斯一直為埃及的首都，直至新王國時期才被底比斯取代。埃及現存的八十多座金字塔中，主要就分布在基沙（Giza)、薩卡拉（Saqqara)及孟斐斯(Memphis)。孟斐斯也被稱為白城，美尼斯統一埃及後才改稱孟斐斯。
