实时传输协议
| TCP/IP 五層模型 |
| 5. 應用層 |
|
DHCP • DNS • FTP • Gopher • HTTP • IMAP4 • IRC • NNTP • XMPP • MIME • POP3 • SIP • SMTP • SNMP • SSH • TELNET • RPC • RTP • RTCP • TLS/SSL • SDP • SOAP • VPN • PPTP • L2TP • GTP • … |
| 4. 傳輸層 |
| 3. 網路層 |
|
IP (IPv4 • IPv6) • IGMP • ICMP • RSVP • BGP • RIP • OSPF • ISIS • IPsec • ARP • RARP • … |
| 2. 資料鏈結層 |
|
802.11 • ATM • DTM • Ethernet • FDDI • Frame Relay • GPRS • EVDO • HSPA • HDLC • PPP • … |
| 1. 實體層 |
|
Ethernet physical layer • ISDN • Modems • PLC • SONET/SDH • G.709 • WiMAX • … |
实时传送协议(Real-time Transport Protocol或简写RTP)是一个网络传输协议,它是由IETF的多媒体传输工作小组1996年在RFC 1889中公布的。
国际电信联盟ITU-T也发布了自己的RTP文档,作为H.225.0,但是后来当IETF发布了关于它的稳定的标准RFC后就被取消了。它作为因特网标准在RFC 3550(该文档的旧版本是RFC 1889)有详细说明。RFC 3551(STD 65,旧版本是RFC 1890)详细描述了使用最小控制的音频和视频会议。
RTP协议详细说明了在互联网上传递音频和视频的标准数据包格式。它一开始被设计为一个多播协议,但后来被用在很多单播应用中。RTP协议常用于流媒体系统(配合RTSP协议),视频会议和一键通(Push to Talk)系统(配合H.323或SIP),使它成为IP电话产业的技术基础。RTP协议和RTP控制协议RTCP一起使用,而且它是建立在用户数据报协议上的。
[编辑] Packet structure
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ver. (2 bits) indicates the version of the protocol. Current version is 2. P (one bit) is used to indicate if there are extra padding bytes at the end of the RTP packet. X (one bit) indicates if the extensions to the protocol are being used in the packet. CC (four bits) contains the number of CSRC identifiers that follow the fixed header. M (one bit) is used at the application level and is defined by a profile. If it's set, it means that the current data has some special relevance for the application. PT (7 bits) indicates the format of the payload and determines its interpretation by the application. SSRC indicates the synchronization source.
[编辑] See also
- Real time control protocol(RTCP)
- Real Time Streaming Protocol(RTSP)
- Secure Real-time Transport Protocol
- Stream Control Transmission Protocol
- ZRTP
- Real time communications
[编辑] 参考書目
- RTP: Audio and Video for the Internet by Colin Perkins, ISBN 0672322498


