實驗物理學
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物理學領域中，實驗物理學或實驗物理是直接觀察物理現象，以獲取關於宇宙中從大到小各種資料的學科分類，包含許多類型的子學科。其中各個子學科皆有一相似目標，即是收集並解釋所得到的數據資料。方法上則各異，從很簡單的實驗與觀察，到如同大型強子對撞機(Large Hadron Collider, LHC)這樣的複雜實驗都屬於此一分類。
目录 |
[编辑] 當前主要的實驗
當前一些重大的實驗物理計畫有：
- 相對論性重離子對撞機(Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider)：將如金離子的重離子（此為第一個重離子對撞機）與質子對撞。此對撞機設於美國長島的布魯克哈芬國家實驗室(Brookhaven National Laboratory)。
- 大型強子對撞機(Large Hadron Collider, LHC)：仍在建造中的大型強子對撞機。LHC預定在2008年開始運作，而成為世界上能量最高的對撞機。此對撞機設在CERN，位於法國與瑞士邊界上城市日內瓦。
[编辑] 方法
- Main article: Experiment
Experimental physics uses two main methods of experimental research, controlled experiments, and natural experiments. Controlled experiments are often used in laboratories as laboratories can offer a controlled environment. Natural experiments are used, for example, in astrophysics when observing celestial objects where control of the variables in effect is impossible.
[编辑] 實驗物理學家
Experimentalists are scientists who engage in experimental physics research or study a field contained within the category of experimental physics. Many early experimentalists were also theoretical physicists. Some of the more notable experimental physicists were/are Galileo Galilei, Michael Faraday, Ernst Mach, Ernest Rutherford, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Antoine Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie, John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, Sir Joseph John Thomson, Max von Laue, William Lawrence Bragg, Albert Abraham Michelson, Robert Andrews Millikan, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, Enrico Fermi, Ernest Orlando Lawrence, William Bradford Shockley, and John Bardeen.
[编辑] 年表
See the timelines below for listings of physics experiments.
- Timeline of classical mechanics
- Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics
- Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity
- Timeline of nuclear fusion
- Timeline of other background radiation fields
- Timeline of particle physics technology
- Timeline of quantum mechanics, molecular physics, atomic physics, nuclear physics, and particle physics
- Timeline of states of matter and phase transitions
- Timeline of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and random processes
- Timeline of particle discoveries
