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核苷酸

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核苷酸(英語:Nucleotide)是核苷磷酸结合的化学物质,其中核苷一磷酸是有代表性的一系列品种。多个核苷酸连接成锁状的物质叫聚核苷酸,核苷酸也是构成DNA脱氧核糖核酸)和RNA核糖核酸)的单位,生物的细胞中都存在。

The structure elements of the most common nucleotides
The structure elements of the most common nucleotides

目录

[编辑] 核苷酸的作用

来于生物的几乎所有的食品都含有微量的核苷酸以及其结合物聚核苷酸DNARNA核酸。摄取后可作为在体内有效合成RNA、DNA的材料利用。摄取较多核苷酸,对提高免疫调节功能、抗疲労、抗老化、抑制肿瘤)、提高记忆、抑制过敏、改善粗糙皮肤等效果。

[编辑] Nucleotides

Chemical structure of adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine monophosphate
AMP
Chemical structure of adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine diphosphate
ADP
Chemical structure of adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate
ATP
Chemical structure of guanosine monophosphate
Guanosine monophosphate
GMP
Chemical structure of guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine diphosphate
GDP
Chemical structure of guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine triphosphate
GTP
Chemical structure of thymidine monophosphate
Thymidine monophosphate
TMP
Chemical structure of thymidine diphosphate
Thymidine diphosphate
TDP
Chemical structure of thymidine triphosphate
Thymidine triphosphate
TTP
Chemical structure of uridine monophosphate
Uridine monophosphate
UMP
Chemical structure of uridine diphosphate
Uridine diphosphate
UDP
Chemical structure of uridine triphosphate
Uridine triphosphate
UTP
Chemical structure of cytidine monophosphate
Cytidine monophosphate
CMP
Chemical structure of cytidine diphosphate
Cytidine diphosphate
CDP
Chemical structure of cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine triphosphate
CTP

[编辑] Deoxynucleotides

Chemical structure of deoxyadenosine monophosphate
Deoxyadenosine monophosphate
dAMP
Chemical structure of deoxyadenosine diphosphate
Deoxyadenosine diphosphate
dADP
Chemical structure of deoxyadenosine triphosphate
Deoxyadenosine triphosphate
dATP
Chemical structure of deoxyguanosine monophosphate
Deoxyguanosine monophosphate
dGMP
Chemical structure of deoxyguanosine diphosphate
Deoxyguanosine diphosphate
dGDP
Chemical structure of deoxyguanosine triphosphate
Deoxyguanosine triphosphate
dGTP
Chemical structure of deoxythymidine monophosphate
Deoxythymidine monophosphate
dTMP
Chemical structure of deoxythymidine diphosphate
Deoxythymidine diphosphate
dTDP
Chemical structure of deoxythymidine triphosphate
Deoxythymidine triphosphate
dTTP
Chemical structure of deoxyuridine monophosphate
Deoxyuridine monophosphate
dUMP
Chemical structure of deoxyuridine diphosphate
Deoxyuridine diphosphate
dUDP
Chemical structure of deoxyuridine triphosphate
Deoxyuridine triphosphate
dUTP
Chemical structure of deoxycytidine monophosphate
Deoxycytidine monophosphate
dCMP
Chemical structure of deoxycytidine diphosphate
Deoxycytidine diphosphate
dCDP
Chemical structure of deoxycytidine triphosphate
Deoxycytidine triphosphate
dCTP

[编辑] 核苷酸的利用

 鸟苷酸(GMP)、肌苷酸(IMP)等核苷酸属于呈味性核苷酸,除了本身具有鲜味之外,还有和左旋谷氨酸味精)组合时,有提高鲜味的作用,作为调料汤料的原料使用。

 母乳中含有尿苷酸(UMP)、胞苷酸(CMP)、腺苷酸(AMP)、鸟苷酸(GMP)、肌苷酸(IMP)等多种核苷酸,为提高婴儿的免疫调节功能和记忆力发挥着作用,在欧美、日本等国家生产的婴儿奶粉均按照母乳中的含量有添加微量核苷酸。也有添加RNA的例子。

 核苷酸作为医药,可抑制肿瘤,在美国也有作为免疫调节剂给手术后的患者使用的例子。

      
主要生物化学物质种类
| 氨基酸 | 核酸 | 醣類 | 脂類 | 萜类 | 类胡萝卜素 | 四吡咯 | 辅因子 | 类固醇 | 类黄酮 | 生物碱 | 聚酮 | 配糖类
Analogues of nucleic acids: 核酸類型 Analogues of nucleic acids:
鹼基 嘌呤 (腺嘌呤/鳥嘌呤) | 嘧啶 (尿嘧啶/胸腺嘧啶/胞嘧啶)
核苷 腺苷/去氧腺苷 | 鳥苷/去氧鳥苷 | 尿苷 | 胸苷 | 胞苷/去氧胞苷
核苷酸 AMP/UMP/GMP/CMP | ADP/UDP/GDP/CDP | ATP/UTP/GTP/CTP | cAMP/cGMP/cADPR
去氧核苷酸 dAMP/TMP/dGMP/dCMP | dADP/TDP/dGDP/dCDP | dATP/TTP/dGTP/dCTP
核糖核酸 RNA | mRNA | piRNA | tRNA | rRNA | ncRNA | gRNA | shRNA | siRNA | snRNA | miRNA | snoRNA
去氧核糖核酸 DNA | mtDNA | cDNA | 質體 | 黏質體 | BAC | YAC | HAC
核酸相似物 GNA | PNA | TNA | LNA | Morpholino
其它语言
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