森林
维库，知识与思想的自由文库
森林是一个高密度树木的区域（或许在历史上，一个树木繁茂的区域为狩猎留出）。这些植物群落覆盖着全球大面积并且对二氧化碳下降、动物群落、水文湍流调节和巩固土壤起着重要作用，构成地球生物圈当中的一个最重要方面。
森林在任何樹木可以生長的地方出現，不管是屬哪一緯度。森林的樹木通常是不同的樹種，並有不同的高度。用生物学术语，森林也许从林地被区分：A forest has a more or less closed canopy, in which the branches and foliage of trees meet or interlock. A woodland has an open canopy, which allows some sunlight to penetrate between the trees (see also: savanna).
很多种森林的存在，在生态学中的类型是：
森林通常被根据它们存在的生物群系来分类，并按照主要种类的树叶寿命(它们是否常青的或落叶的) 。Boreal forests occupy the subarctic zone and are generally evergreen and needle-leaved. Temperate zones support both deciduous forests (e.g., temperate deciduous forest) and evergreen forests (e.g., temperate rainforest, chaparral). Tropical and subtropical forests include tropical rainforest, tropical moist forest and tropical dry forest.
The science of studying and managing forests, with a goal of sustainable extraction, is called forestry. Some ecologists also study forests.
Forests can be damaged by logging, forest fires, and acid rain. In the United States, most forests have been destroyed at some point, though in recent years environmental protection has allowed for a comeback in many areas. In a number of places, forests have been allowed, for one reason or another, to grow back.
目录 |
[编辑] 参见
[编辑] 概要
[编辑] 与森林有关的活动
[编辑] 各国的森林
[编辑] 列表
[编辑] 世界森林砍伐情形
| 地區 | 每年砍伐面積（1981~1990）（千公頃） | 每年砍伐率（1981~1990）（﹪） | 年平均砍伐面積（1981~1985）（千公頃） |
| 非洲 | - | - | 58 |
| 西沙黑爾 | 295 | 0.7 | 388 |
| 東沙黑爾 | 595 | 0.8 | 695 |
| 西非 | 591 | 1.0 | 1999 |
| 中非 | 1140 | 0.5 | 575 |
| 熱帶南非 | 4345 | 0.8 | 700 |
| 溫帶南非 | - | - | - |
| 島嶼非洲 | 135 | 0.8 | 157 |
| 溫帶與中緯度東亞 | - | - | 20 |
| 南亞 | 551 | 0.8 | 307 |
| 中南半島 | 1314 | 1.5 | 709 |
| 南洋群島 | 1926 | 1.2 | 967 |
| 溫帶北美 | - | - | - |
| 中南美洲與墨西哥 | 1112 | 1.4 | 1022 |
| 加勒比海 | 122 | 1.4 | 26 |
| 溫帶與寒帶南美 | - | - | 50 |
| 熱帶南美 | 6174 | 0.7 | 4604 |
| 前蘇俄 | 2260 | 0.2 | - |
| 大洋洲 | 113 | 0.3 | 23 |
