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瓦倫西亞語是瓦倫西亞自治區对当地语言之一所使用的历史上传统的官方名称，这种语言在加泰罗尼亚、巴利阿里群島、安道尔和阿勒盖罗被官方称为加泰罗尼亚语。 另一方面，瓦倫西亞語也被语言学家用来指称瓦倫西亞自治區中南部所说加泰罗尼亚语的重要方言变体之一。
瓦倫西亞語在瓦倫西亞自治區是合法的語言。根據最近由瓦倫西亞自治區政府(Generalitat Valenciana)在2005年6月所作的調查，瓦倫西亞有94%的人能聽懂瓦倫西亞語，有78%的人能說和讀，約有50%的人能寫。
[编辑] 语言学议题
语言学家的共识认为，瓦倫西亞語是瓦倫西亞自治區所说加泰罗尼亚语的名称。这个单词也用来指称这一地区的方言，以将其与整个加泰罗尼亚语或“巴塞罗那的加泰罗尼亚语”（Central Catalan变体）区别开。在这种意义上，它可被认为是西加泰罗尼亚语变体的一种方言。西加泰罗尼亚语还包括La Franja、安道尔、列里达省和塔拉戈纳省南半部的变体。
一部分语言学家，大部分来自当地官方的瓦倫西亞語言学会（Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua），近来建议也使用这一名称来指称该语言整体，包括所有说加泰罗尼亚语的地区，表述了一种语言两个名称（同义词）的概念。这一语言学和政治概念并不是独一的。如瓦倫西亞自治區的自治法规所述，另一种官方语言西班牙语也使用另一个名称卡斯蒂利亚语。
[编辑] 瓦倫西亞語的特徵
以下是一份瓦伦西亚语主要形式的特征清单。作为一种方言变体它不同于其它加泰罗尼亚语方言，尤其在书面语方面。欲了解有关瓦伦西亚语的概况，参见加泰罗尼亚语。值得一提的是加泰罗尼亚语社区中也有不少方言变体，故以下特征并不是广泛存在的
- 一個擁有由7個重音母音（/a/ /e/ /ɛ/ /i/ /o/ /ɔ/ u/）退化為5個非重音母音（/e/ /ɛ/ > [e], /o/ /ɔ/ > [o]） 的系統。這是西北加泰羅尼亞語及Ribagorçan所共享的特徵。
- 縱使某些次方言（譬如：Vinaròs和列里達(Lleida)地區）使用lo及los，但一般來說都使用el及els作為決定的冠詞，el及els作為第三身非強調的受詞代名詞。對於其他非強調的受詞代名詞，詞源的舊形式包括了me、te、se、ne、mos、vos...；而在某些地區，em、et、es、en仍然當作現代形式使用。
- 瓦倫西亞語保留了中古時代□前的塞擦音[dʒ],[tʃ]而其他現代方言卻發展了摩擦音[ʒ]或[jʒ]。這是現代的Ribagorçan所共享的特徵。
- Valencian preserves the final stop in the groups [mp] [nt] [ŋk] [lt] (feature shared with modern Balearic). The sub-dialect spoken in Benifaio and Almussafes area, some 20 km south from the city of Valencia, remarks these final consonants.
- Valencian is the only modern variant that articulates etymological final [r] in all contexts, although this cannot be generalized since there are valencian sub-dialects which do not articulate the final [r]
- Valencian preserves the mediaeval system of demonstratives with three different levels of demonstrative precision (este or aquest/açò/ací, eixe or aqueix/això/aquí, aquell/allò/allí or allà) (feature shared with modern Ribagorçan)
- Valencian has -i- as theme vowel for incoative verbs of the 3rd conjugation este servix (this one serves) (like North-Western Catalan), although, again, this cannot be generalized since there are valencian sub-dialects which pronnounce an -ie- (aquest serveix)
- 瓦倫西亞語有一個獨特的特徵就是虛擬語氣的未完成語素/ra/: que ell vinguera (that he might come), only used.
- nosaltres, vosaltres (we, you)有好幾個變化:mosatros, moatros, natros, vosatros, voatros, valtros.
- 數目字: Huit, deneu, xixantahuit, doscentes, milló, quint, sext, vigesim for vuit, dinou, seixanta-vuit, dues-centes, milió, cinqué, sisé, vinté.
- Amb (with)的發音彷如"en".
- Meua, teua, seua for meva, teva, seva.
- Gemination of D in some contexts
- Hui for avui.
Some other features, such as the use of molt de or the lack of hom or geminate L, are often given as examples of differences between Valencian variety and other forms of the language. However, these are in reality differences between colloquial and literary language, and, again, are particular of concrete geographical areas. As we have seen, the central / capital city area of Valencian suffers from the biggest Castilian interferences and are one of the causes of these differences.
[编辑] 瓦倫西亞語的分支
- 北瓦倫西亞語：被使用在卡斯特利翁省北部的地区（比如 Benicarlo 城和 Vinaròs 城）；特鲁埃尔省内阿拉贡自治区的 Matarranya 地区；以及在加泰罗尼亚北部边界地区，于 Tarragona 省内的 Tortosa 周围。最後的 "r" 不定式不發音。("kan'ta" instead of "kan'tar" is pronounced) 和用的是舊式冠詞"lo, los" 而不是 "el, els" (lo xic, los hòmens).
- Castellonenc: 使用在Castelló de la Plana市一帶. 最易認特徵是發"e" 而不是標準的 "a" (Als matins ell "cante" en la dutxa" instead of ell canta - He sings in the shower in the morning).
- Central or apitxat, 使用在 Valencia 和周遭區域. 這並不被Valencian 電視電台視標。 Apitxat 有兩特點:
- All voiced sibillants get unvoiced (that is, apitxat pronounces ['tʃove] ['kasa] (young man, house), where other Valencians would pronounce ['dʒove], ['kaza]) (feature shared with Ribagorçan)
- Southern: spoken in the counties between the province of Valencia and the province of Alicante. The main feature is vowel harmony (harmonia vocàl·lica): the final syllable of a disyllabic word adopts a preceding open E or O if the final vowel is A. For example, "terra" /tɐrɐ/ (earth or land), "porta" /pɔɾtɔ/ (door) or "dona" /dɔnɔ/(woman).
- Alacantí: spoken in most of the province of Alacant.
[编辑] 英语中的瓦伦西亚语词源
[编辑] 政治議題
There is no mention of Valencian or Catalan or any language other than Spanish in the Spanish Constitution of 1978. The Autonomy Statute refers to the vernacular language as valencià, a name used traditionally since the fifteenth century. There is a private association called Lo Rat Penat that campaigns for Valencian as a separate language with a different written norm and has firmly supported the motivated attempts of a minority of Valencian sectors (often related to right-wing political parties) to split Valencian and Catalan norms apart. However, their theories are not supported by universities or Romance languages experts. Indeed, the latter association assumed the unity of the language during most of its existence.
[编辑] 有爭議的理論
Those theories which claim that Valencian is an apart language from Catalan are mostly based upon questioning the origin of the language in the Land of Valencia.
One of the most spread of these theories defends that Valencian language primarily evolved from the Romance language spoken by local inhabitants, Mozarabic, even after the conquest of the former Al-Andalus territories. Later on, this speech would have acquired words from Catalan, Provençal, Aragonese or Castilian until current situation.
Another alternative theory suggest that Valencian language, as Catalan language apart, both originated directly from old Occitan language. This would have arrived Valencia with the court of the conqueror king James I of Aragon, since he was born in Montpellier (Occitania) and this was also the language on vogue among troubadours.
All their supporters criticise current Valencian normative, because of being regarded as a kind of hybrid with Catalan.
[编辑] 外部連結
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