神父

神父或祭司，祭師，是指在宗教活动或祭祀活动中，为了祭拜或崇敬所信仰的神，主持祭典，在祭坛上为辅祭或主祭的神职人员。祭司(神父)在早期社会中已经出现(参见萨满教)。根据不同的信仰，神父被认为具有程度不同的神圣性。在基督教中神父除了要主持彌撒及婚禮外，為垂危者禱告、告解甚至驅魔也是神父的職務。

[编辑] 犹太教

In Judaism, the Kohanim (singular כּהן kohen, plural כּהנִים kohanim, whence the family names Cohen, Cahn, Kahn, Kohn, Kogan, etc.) are hereditary priests through paternal descent. These families are from the tribe of the Levi'im (Levites) (whence the family names Levy, Levi, Levin, Lewin, Lewis, etc.), and are traditionally accepted as the descendants of Aaron. The position of a Kohen's hands when he raises them to bless a Jewish congregation The position of a Kohen's hands when he raises them to bless a Jewish congregation

During the times of the two Jewish Temples in Jerusalem, they were responsible for daily and special Jewish holiday offerings and sacrifices within the temples known as the korbanot.

Since the demise of the Second Temple, and therefore the cessation of the daily and seasonal temple ceremonies and sacrifices, Kohanim in traditional Judaism (Orthodox Judaism and to some extent, Conservative Judaism) have continued to perform a number of priestly ceremonies and roles such as the Pidyon HaBen (redemption of a first-born son) ceremony and the Priestly Blessing, and have remained subject, particularly in Orthodox Judaism, to a number of special rules including restrictions on marriage, ritual purity, and other requirements. Orthodox Judaism regards the Kohanim as being held in reserve for a future restored Temple. In all branches of Judaism, Rabbis do not perform a priestly role in the sense of special roles in propitiation, sacrifice, or sacrament. Rather, a Rabbi's principle religious function is to serve as an authoratative judge and expositor of Jewish law. Rabbis have also generally come to perform clerical and social leadership roles such as congregational leadership and pastoral counseling, Judaism does not, however, reserve such roles to rabbis.

[编辑] 基督教

[编辑] 罗马天主教和东正教

羅馬天主教和東正教的宗教職位。千百年來只有男修士才可擔當此職位。天主教的神父終身不可結婚，而東正教的神父可以在晉鐸前結婚，但主教只能在獨身者中挑選。近年有天主教改革派人物曾倡導容許由女性擔任神父但被教會內的保守派拒絕。要注意的是修女不等同神父，亦不是羅馬天主教的宗教職位之一。 神父的首要任務是：

1. 「服務聖道」----「你們往普天下去，向一切受造物宣傳福音。」
2. 「服務聖事及聖體」----天主藉著司鐸的手在教友生活的不同光景中聖化、堅強他們對主的信靠。
3. 成為「天主子民的領袖」----就如基督一般地「他來不是為接受服事，而是為服事他人。」以百般的忍耐和各樣的教訓，去反駁、去斥責、去勸勉。

成為天主教神父的方法:

• 要找修院/堂區/資深神父,定期會面,給予指導,分辨聖召分辨，
• 若要成為教區/修會神父便分別要向教區修院/修會申請。
• 若申請被接納，
  • 教區---->修生
  • 修會---->初學生----> 發初願後成為修會會士(修士/修女)
• 然後接受靈修、神學、哲學、牧民、人格等培育，一般7年
• 之後，向主教申請成為執事(DECAON)。若主教批准，由主教授予執事聖秩，祝聖其為執事。
• 經過約1年過渡期，再向主教申請成為司鐸(神父)。若主教批准，由主教授予司鐸聖秩，祝聖其為司鐸。

[编辑] 英国国教

[编辑] 服饰

[编辑] 相关主题

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