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绝缘体是一种可以阻止热(热绝缘体）或电荷（电绝缘体）流动的物质。电绝缘体的相对物质就是导体和半导体，他们可以让电荷通畅的流动（注：严格意义上说，半导体也是一种绝缘体，因为在低温下他会阻止电荷的流动，除非在半导体中掺杂了其他原子，这些原子可以释放出多余的电荷来承载电流）。术语电绝缘体与电介质有相同的意思，但是两种术语分别用在不同的领域中。

一个完全意义上的热绝缘体根据热力学第二定律是不可能存在的。然而，有一些材料（如二氧化硅）就非常接近真正的电绝缘体，从而产生了闪存技术。一个更大类别的材料，如，橡胶和很多的塑料，对于家庭和办公室配线来说都是"完美”的，没有安全性方面的隐患，并且效率也很高。

在没有发明出更好的合成（人造或化学反应）物质前，在大自然的固有物质中，云母和石棉都可以作为很好的热和电绝缘体。

另请看: 绝缘

[编辑] 高压绝缘体

高压绝缘体，用在高压输电环境中的，一般是陶瓷绝缘体或合成绝缘体。陶瓷绝缘体由粘土, 石英或铝和长石做成。铝绝缘体用在对机械强度要求比较高的场合。最近，一种合成绝缘体材料开始使用，这种材料有一个用纤维强化塑料做成的芯棒和一个用硅树脂橡胶或 EPDM做成的外壳。合成绝缘体价格低，重量轻，有很高的防水性能，因此可以用在污染较严重的场合。

[编辑] 可收集绝缘体

Glass insulators were, and in some places are still used to mount electrical power and signalling lines used for telephone, telegraph, fire, and other electrical applications. Colors and design details varied widely because many of the insulators were made by small, local manufacturers. Green or aqua insulators are the most common due to the iron content of the sand used in making glass, but the most popular colors among collectors come in various shades of purple and amber. Insulators made of clear glass typically indicate a more recent manufacturing date. Most insulator manufacturers stopped making glass insulators in the late 1960's, switching to ceramic materials. Collectors classify insulators according to CD numbers (Consolidated design number system developed by N.R. Woodward) with the shape, size, wire groove location and inner skirt all taken into account. 玻璃绝缘体，在某些地方仍然用来安装electrical power

Collecting insulators became a widespread hobby starting in the late 1960s. Since then, many people have joined the hobby, and there are many places to ask questions, trade or just talk to collectors. The National Insulator Association is a non-profit educational and scientific organization, created to encourage insulator collecting and to protect the interests of its members and collectors. It has established standards and ethics by which its members may fairly deal with each other.