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2003年太平洋颱風季泛指在2003年全年內的任何時間，於赤道以北及國際換日線以西的太平洋水域所產生的熱帶氣旋。雖然有關方面並沒有設下本颱風季的指定期限，但大部份於西北太平洋的熱帶氣旋通常都會於六月至十二月期間形成。
本條目的範圍僅侷限於赤道以北及國際換日線以西的太平洋水域。於赤道以北及國際換日線以東的太平洋水域產生的風暴則被稱為颶風。在西太平洋產生的熱帶風暴係由東京颱風中心命名，而在該地區的熱帶低氣壓的編號都以 W 字母作結。而凡進入或產生於菲律賓風暴責任範圍以內的熱帶低氣壓，菲律賓大氣地理天文部門 (PAGASA) 都會為它們訂立一個菲律賓名稱，作當地警報用途；因此同一個風暴有時候會有兩個不同的名稱。
以下各颱風資訊以颱風存在期間的最強形態為名稱，如珍珠會被名為颱風珍珠，而非熱帶風暴珍珠或強烈熱帶風暴珍珠等等作為名稱。
[编辑] 熱帶風暴欣欣
Yanyan is a fairly common pet name for young girls in Hong Kong. Every other year since 1990, a tropical depression has formed in this basin in January, and 2003 was the second year in a row a tropical storm formed during January in the Northwest Pacific. The pre-Yanyan disturbance was first noted at January 11th near the International Dateline just north of the equator. On the 13th, a tropical depression formed from this convection near 2.4N 173.8E. It moved west-northwest at 18 mph, moving 170 miles north-northeast of Chuuk by the 17th. Tropical storm status was reached on the 18th while northeast of Guam. It soon recurved northward, reaching its peak intensity of 50 kts/60 mph on the 19th 140 miles east-southeast of Saipan. Yanyan moved more northeasterly by late on the 18th, and weakened to a tropical depression on the 20th. The system dissipated on the 21st near 19.0N 158.0E. [1]
[编辑] 颱風鯨魚
此颱風名稱由日本命名，鯨魚在日本的詞為「Kujira」 四月七號這些對流旺盛的雲層在楚克東南方400英里形成熱帶性低氣壓， It developed into a Tropical Depression 02W by the 9th about 230 miles south-southeast of Pohnpei while drifting north. Tropical storm status was achieved on the 11th as it moved 100 miles past Pohnpei, and the track shifted towards the west. The cyclone passed 200 miles north of Chuuk on the 12th. By the 14th, Kujira strengthened into a typhoon status about 230 miles southeast of Guam. The intensifying typhoon moved west-northwest, and Kujira was the year's first super typhoon by the 16th. Its peak intensity of 135 kts/155 mph was reached about 215 miles north-northwest of Yap. Late on the 16th, the typhoon crossed 135E and gained the name Amang. By the 17th, the typhoon interacted briefly with a frontal zone before resuming a more westward track. On the 21st, Kujira was tracking northwestward at 7 mph towards Taiwan/Taipei and weakening and was downgraded to a tropical storm. Movement became erratic on the 23rd while approaching the mountainous island. After passing 190 miles south-southeast of Taipei, its forward motion increased to the north-northeast to 43 mph by late on the 25th as Kujira made landfall on the Japanese island of Kyushu near Ushibuka, quickly becoming a nontropical low. Long-lived Kujira was thirteen advisories short of the longest-lived Western Pacific tropical cyclone on record, Typhoon Rita of 1972, and three shy of Typhoon Opal (1967).
Lan Yu, Taiwan experienced gale-force winds from April 22-24. The pressure there fell to 965.0 mb on the 23rd as winds peaked at 62.2 kts/72 mph. Okinawa measured 342 mm of rainfall on April 24th. Ishigakijima, Okinawa recorded a lowest pressure of 996.9 hPa late on the 24th, and the highest gust in all of Japan of 76.2 kts/88 mph. Kujira was the first named April tropical cyclone of the past 25 years to affect Taiwan and was Japan's earliest tropical cyclone landfall on record. The typhoon caused 2 deaths in Pohnpei, but only minor damage. [2]
[编辑] 颱風燦鴻
The name Chan-Hom was contributed by Laos, which is a type of tree. Late on May 18th, a tropical disturbance was being watched 300 miles southwest of Chuuk. A tropical depression formed from the area by the 19th about 500 miles southeast of Guam. A reconnaissance plane investigating the depression indicated tropical storm strength had been achieved as it moved 100 miles west of Chuuk; it took an additional 30 hours for Japan, China, and Taiwan to upgrade the cyclone to tropical storm status so it could assume the name Chan-hom. It drifted north, and became a typhoon by late on the 23rd as it moved north-northeast of Guam. The storm increased steadily in intensity and by the 14th the typhoon had reached its peak intensity of 115 kts/130 mph while 450 miles east-northeast of Guam. Chan-hom's forward motion to the northeast accelerated as it became increasingly influenced by the westerlies. Extratropical transition was underway, and by late on the 26th, Chan-hom weakened back into a tropical storm 1100 miles west of Midway Island. On the 27th, the storm became nontropical 850 miles northwest of Midway Island, and it crossed the International Dateline on the 28th. The only affect of Chan-Hom was after it passed Guam to the east when the winds shifted from the southwest and sent a plume of ash from the continuing eruption of a volcano on Anatahan towards Guam, which led to volcanic ash advisories on the U.S. Dependency. [3]
[编辑] 強烈熱帶風暴蓮花
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Severe Tropical Storm Linfa (Chedeng)
Tropical Storm 05W |
TS |
|
|
|
| 持續日期 |
May 25—May 31 |
| 強度 |
55 kt (10-min), 980 hPa |
The name Linfa is Macanese for the lotus, an Oriental water lily with pinkish flowers and large leaves. The name Chedeng is a Filipino nickname for either males or females; it is also a term used for the German car Mercedes Benz. An area of convection developed and persisted 350 miles west of Manila, Philippines. Late on May 25th, the system became a tropical depression, and after it traced a cyclonic loop, tropical storm status was achieved on the 26th while 185 miles northwest of Manila. Linfa began moving toward the east and began to affect the Philippines. On the 27th the cyclone made landfall on Luzon as a 55 kt/65 mph tropical storm, emerging back over water by the 28th. On the 29th, Linfa was 250 miles south-southwest of Naha, Okinawa moving directly towards the island. The system then accelerated northeastward at 19 mph, passing 140 miles southeast of Okinawa on the 30th. Maximum intensity of 70 mph was reached later that day, and the system had completed extratropical transition by the 31st about 120 miles south of Iwakuni, Japan. Moving north, Linfa made landfall near Uwajima City, Japan on May 31 at 0500 A.M. local time.
Between the 26th and 28th, Dagupan, Philippines reported 723 mm, with 629 mm falling in only 12 hours, and a minimum pressure of 989 mb. In Japan, Mie reported 464 mm on May 31st. Minamidaitojima, Okinawa reported a gust of 60 kts/69 mph. Aburatzu reported a pressure of 981.5 hPa on the 31st. The highest gust reported was 76 kts/87 mph at Muruotomisaki. The death toll reported from the Philippines was 41. A total of 2269 houses were damaged and 206 destroyed. Total economic loss was 193 million pesos from the Philippines. [3]
[编辑] 強烈熱帶風暴浪卡
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Severe Tropical Storm Nangka (Dodong)
Tropical Storm 06W |
TS |
|
|
|
| 持續日期 |
May 31—June 4 |
| 強度 |
55 kt (10-min), 985 hPa |
Nangka is the Malaysian name for the jackfruit, a very large oval-shaped yellow fruit very popular locally. Dodong is a Filipino male nickname. By June 1st, Tropical Depression 6W was spotted 185 miles west of northern Luzon, Philippines and was drifting to the north. Later that day, the system strengthened into a tropical storm. Tropical Storm Nangka/Dodong then started to accelerate northeast, towards Taiwan/Taipei. The peak intensity of 50 kts/60 mph was reached as it bypassed the island of Taiwan about 65 miles to the southeast late on the 2nd moving at a forward motion of 24 mph. By June 3rd, the cyclone weakened back into a tropical depression as was experiencing vertical wind shear. It was rapidly becoming a nontropical low, which moved east-northeast at 22 mph to the south of Okinawa. [3]
[编辑] 颱風蘇廸羅
Soudelor is the name of a legendary Pohnpei chieftain. Egay is a Filipino female nickname. By June 10th, a circulation was noted 270 miles south of Guam moving west at 12 mph. Tropical Depression 07W formed from this low on the 12th about 50 miles west of Yap as it moved at a faster clip to the west. About 24 hours later, Fujiwara interaction with a circulation to the west led to a more northwest motion. By the 14th, the cyclone had strengthened into a tropical storm. As it approached the Philippines, the system was named Egay. On the 15th, Soudelor was moving toward the north at 12 mph in response to a weakness in the subtropical ridge. During the 15th and into the 16th, Soudelor/Egay was stair-stepping its way north-northwestward at 12 mph parallel to the Philippines' northeastern coastline and towards Hong Kong. Soudelor finally became a typhoon by late on the 17th. A trough to the west dragged Soudelor north-northeast towards the southern Japanese archipelago. By the 18th, Typhoon Soudelor bypassed Taiwan to the east. The cyclone reached its peak intensity of 115 kts/130 mph later that day. Weakening ensued as it began its extratropical transition as it passed the southeastern coast of South Korea and entered the Sea of Japan. The cyclone became a nontropical low by the 20th about 160 miles northwest of Wajima, Japan. The nontropical low turned eastward, crossed northern Japan.
Catarman in the Philippines received 330 mm of rain between the 14th and 15th. The lowest recorded sea level pressure was 997.3 mb at Casiguran late on the 16th. Iriomotejima experienced sustained gale-force winds for eight hours early on the 18th except during eye passage. The minimum SLP of 968.1 hPa occurred as the eye moved overhead. The highest gust was 110 kts/ 125 mph at Iriomotejima. Heavy rains unleashed by Typhoon Soudelor/Egay caused 11 deaths and 3 injuries in the Philippines. Heavy rains also caused flooding, landslides, and mudflows in Taiwan. A North Korean ship cargo loaded with industrial magnesium was stranded off the northwest coast of Japan after being refused entry into the Japanese port of Toyama. Twenty-one storm-related injuries were reported in Japan as a result of Soudelor, mostly people struck by falling objects. Nearly 10,000 households were left without power.[4]
[编辑] 強烈熱帶風暴天鵝
Koni, contributed by the Republic of Korea, is the Korean word for 'swan', a bird which migrates from Siberia each year to winter in Korea. Gilas is a Philippine name which means 'amazing.' During the second week of July the monsoon trough became very active, with one of two disturbances noted by July 13th about 440 miles south of Guam. Late on the 15th, the system had crossed 135E into PAGASA's AOR and was named Gilas, which was then considered as a tropical depression, and soon afterwards was designated 08W by JTWC. As it moved westward, the cyclone reached minimal tropical storm intensity on the 16th. By the 17th, Gilas reached the east coast of Samar, crossing the bulk of the Philippines and over Panay Island later that day. A weakness in the subtropical ridge lured Koni/Gilas northwest from the 19th into the 21st. It barely reached typhoon status on the 20th in an environment of relentless east to northeasterly vertical wind shear. The cyclone turned westward towards the island of Hainan. Typhoon Koni made landfall 30 miles south-southwest of Qionghai, Hainan by the 22nd. After its voyage across Hainan Dao, the cyclone moved across the Gulf of Tonkin and began to weaken as it approached Vietnam. It weakened into a tropical storm as Koni crossed into northern Vietnam south of Hanoi on the 22nd. The storm rapidly deteriorated as it moved further inland, and was dissipating as it crossed Vietnam and Laos.
The highest rainfall amount from Hainan was at Wuzhi Mountain where 188.8 mm fell between the 20th and 22nd. The number of collapsed houses was approximately 1400 in the province. Direct economic losses were estimated at 140,270 million yuan. On the positive side, drought conditions eased. Two people were killed and 18 injured as Tropical Storm Koni lashed northern Vietnam, uprooting trees, felling power lines and destroying more than 1000 houses. There were no reports of damage or casualties in the Philippines. [5]
[编辑] 颱風伊布都
- 主條目：Typhoon Imbudo
Imbudo was contributed by the Philippines, and it means 'funnel' or 'downspout.' Harurot is a Philippine name which means 'very fast' or 'top speed.' An area of convection developed 100 miles east-southeast of Chuuk on July 14th. It developed into Tropical Depression 09W early on the 17th when located 360 miles east-southeast of Yap Island, moving northwest at 13 mph. This heading became west-northwest during the 17th. The depression was named Imbudo later that day, strengthening into a tropical storm as it closed in on Yap. Strengthening continued as it passed 20 miles north of the island. Imbudo strengthened to typhoon intensity by early on the 19th. By the 21st, super typhoon status of 130 kts/155 mph was achieved, which was its peak intensity. By the afternoon of the 22nd, Super Typhoon Imbudo struck the east coast of Luzon at super typhoon strength. Once inland, the cyclone's intensity waned quickly, but typhoon status was maintained. By the 23rd, Imbudo/Harurot had moved back over water and slight strengthening took place. Imbudo made landfall in Guangdong province, China near the city of Yangjiang on the 24th. Upon making landfall Imbudo weakened rapidly into a tropical storm, and then a tropical depression later that day.
The heaviest rainfall in China accumulated at Hepu, which received 343 mm between late on the 23rd and the 25th. The strongest wind gust was 108 knots/124 mph at Shangchuan Dao. Imbudo was the strongest typhoon to hit the Philippines in five years. The highest death toll in the Philippines noted was twenty-one, with eleven of the deaths due to flash flooding. Twenty died in China. Total damage in the Philippines came out to 1.0986 billion pesos. Direct economic losses in China were estimated at 2.46 million yuan. A total of 600,000 houses collapsed in China.
The name Imbudo was retired after the 2003 season, and will be replaced by Molave. [5]
[编辑] 熱帶風暴莫拉克
Typhoon Morakot formed as Tropical Depression 10W on July 30, close to the Philippine coast. Slow strengthening brought the system to tropical storm strength on August 1, receiving the names Morakot and Juaning. It briefly became a minimal typhoon on August 3 with a minimum central pressure of 976 mbar. It sliced through Taiwan the same day, weakening to a tropical storm. The next day, Morakot struck mainland China's Fujian province with 65 mph winds a a pressure of 984 mbar. Dissipation occurred shortly thereafter on August 5. [6]
[编辑] 颱風艾濤
This cyclone formed on August 3. It quickly strengthened to a typhoon by August 4. Peak wind speed for the typhoon was 110 kt/125 mph, equivlent to catergory 3 on the Safir - Simpson Scale. Typhoon Etau made landfall on southern Japan on August 8 as it was weakening and severely impacted the island nation through August 9 and August 10 as it moved northeast through the archipelago. Reported deaths totalled 17. Power facilities went offline and Al Nippon cancelled its flights during the cyclone's passage. [7] Heavy rains in excess of 400 mm/16" fell in Hokkaido, which generated mudslides across Japan and flooded over 1000 homes. [6]
[编辑] 颱風科羅旺
A tropical depression developed well out to sea on August 15 and slowly developed. After a few days it became a tropical storm and by August 21, a typhoon. Krovanh made landfall in the northern portion of the Philippines. The high topography in that region caused some weakening, and reintensification occurred as it moved westward into the South China Sea. It quickly sliced through Hainan island and made its third and final landfall near the Vietnam/China border. It was the strongest cyclone to strike Vietnam in over ten years. One perished and almost 1000 homes were destroyed in that country. In China, over 10000 homes were wrecked in Guangdong and Hainan provinces. [6]
[编辑] 熱帶風暴環高
Vamco formed in the Philippine Sea on August 19. The cyclone strengthened to a weak tropical storm and passed just north of Taiwan. Rainfall was minimal during its passage by northern Taiwan, with maximum amounts of 69 mm/2.72" in Chuangwei Township in Ilan county. The specter of drought continued for Taiwan. [8] It then made landfall in eastern China as a minimal tropical storm, impacting Fujian and Zhejiang provinces. Heavy rainfall and local flooding attributed to this cyclone fell across the northern Philippines and southeast China. [6]
[编辑] 颱風杜鵑
颱風杜鵑在最接近台灣最南部時，最高風速達到每小時230公里（約125海里），導致二人死亡。9月2日，在颱風掠過台灣後，因着地形緣故而減弱，最後以時速80海里，於香港天文台以北30公里的港深邊境登陸[9]。颱風總共令36人死亡，1000人受傷。 [6]
[编辑] 颱風鳴蟬
- 主條目：Typhoon Maemi
The system initially formed near Guam on September 5. After reaching a peak of 170 mph winds, Typhoon Maemi steadily weakened until hitting South Korea on September 12 with winds of 105 mph. Maemi was responsible for 117 deaths and heavy damage amounting to $4.1 billion (2003 USD), making it one of the worst typhoons ever to hit the Korean peninsula. Thereafter, the system became an extratropical gale which crossed northern Japan on September 13, and briefly became a storm later that day is it approached the Kamchatka peninsula. The weakening gale then crossed the Pacific over the succeeding week along the 50th parallel, making a final landfall along the south-central Alaskan coast late on September 20. [10]
[编辑] 颱風彩雲
Early on September 17, a very weak but organized tropical depression developed east-northeast of the Philippines. Slow strengthening but quick organization brought the system up to tropical storm strength with the name Choi-wan the next day. The tropical cyclone moved almost due north while slowly intensifying, but once it began to parallel the Japanese coast, more moderate strengthening occurred. Late on the 21st, the system achieved its peak intensity of 115 mph and a minimum central pressure of 944 mbar (hPa). From there, slow weakening brought the system north of Japan as a weak tropical storm that soon transformed into an extratropical system on September 23. The extratropical storm restrengthened in the Gulf of Alaksa on September 24 before weakening while it made landfall in southeast Alaska on September 25. [10]
[编辑] 颱風巨爵
Koppu formed on September 23 in the open Pacific, becoming a tropical storm on September 26 and a typhoon late on September 27. The typhoon strengthened further to a category 2 typhoon with winds of 105 mph and a minimum central pressure of 954 mbar late on September 28. The system slowly weakened as it passed between Iwo Jima and Japan. [11] It became extratropical late on September 29. Thereafter, the system intensified as a baroclinic cyclone into a cyclone with hurricane-force winds late on September 30 while passing south of Kamchatka. Peaking in strength, the weakening storm passed just south of the Aleutians weakening into a gale from October 2 through October 4, and continued weakening in the Gulf of Alaska through October 7. [10]
[编辑] 颱風凱薩娜
Forming several hundred miles wast of the Philippines on October 18, the system became a tropical storm the next day and a typhoon by October 20. [12] Ketsana became a powerful typhoon as it slowly recurved in Philippine Sea well to the south of Iwo Jima, with maximum sustained winds of 125 kts/145 mph. [13] The cyclone became an extratropical storm with hurricane-force winds late on October 25. The storm turned northeast and weakened to gale-strength in the Bering Sea on October 28. [10] It was noted that surface chlorophyll-a concentration in the ocean increased 30-fold during the existence of this typhoon [14].
[编辑] 颱風芭瑪
This cyclone was first noted as Tropical Depression 21W in the subtropical Pacific north of Guam on October 20. This system drifted north and northeast, rapidly developing into a typhoon by October 22. Parma briefly became a supertyphoon while moving northeastward ahead of a cold front early on October 24. The frontal system failed to recurve the cyclone out to sea, and Parma made an anticyclonic loop ending up near the 22nd parallel by October 26. While dropping south and southwest, the system weakened into a minimal typhoon. The system turned northwest and reintensified into an intense typhoon by late on October 29. Moving northeast once more, Parma became an extratropical storm late on October 30. The cyclone weakened into a gale while heading east-northeast across the Pacific on November 2. The system again dropped into the subtropics, moving southward offshore the west coast of the United States and eventually dissipated on November 11 southwest of California. [10]
[编辑] 強烈熱帶風暴茉莉
Forming as a tropical depression on October 30, it quickly evolved into a typhoon by November 1. This minimal typhoon moved through the northern Philippines on November 1 bringing up to 150 mm (6 inches) of rain to northeast Luzon, flooding the Cargayan river. At least 4 perished in the resulting flood. [15] Weakened into a tropical storm, Melor passed just east of Taiwan on November 2 and November 3, bringing heavy rains to the island. [16]
[编辑] 颱風尼伯特
Tropical Storm Nepartak moved across the Philippines from November 13 through November 14. It caused heavy flooding amounting to $197 million in damage and 4 casualties in the Philippines. Nepartak continued westward where it reached a peak of 85 mph winds. It turned northeastward, and dissipated over China on the 19th. The central sections of Vietnam were hard hit, as 61 perished, and 32000 homes were inundated. [16]
[编辑] 颱風盧碧
Typhoon Lupit was a powerful Category 5 Super Typhoon which formed in the western Pacific Ocean west of the Philippines on November 19, 2003. Lupit never struck the mainland but reached an extraordinary intensity over open water and left a trail of devastation across numerous islands in the Federated States of Micronesia. It reached sustained winds of 145 kts/165 mph.
Lupit was a powerful Category 5 Super Typhoon at the time the image on the right was taken on November 26, 2003 and the main part of the typhoon was nearly 1,300 kilometers wide. If this storm could be picked up and placed over the United States, it would stretch from Virginia Beach inland as far as St. Louis, Missouri, or from Jacksonville, Florida, nearly all the way to Houston, Texas. [17]
The typhoon recurved northeast, becoming an extratropical storm late on November 30. Reintensification occurred, with the system bombing out over the next day to become a strong extratropical storm. The system moved to near Kamchatka on December 4 and then drifted east-northeast, ending up as a weakening cyclone over the Bering Sea on December 7. [10]
