AACS
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AACS(Advanced Access Content System)是一種內容散佈和数字版权管理的標準,嘗試對於新一代光碟進行讀取與複製上的限制。其規格在2005年4月公開,並已列入HD DVD和藍光光碟的資料讀取限制。
目录 |
[编辑] 原理
[编辑] 安全問題
[编辑] 專家的擔憂
The proposal was voted one of the technologies most likely to fail by IEEE Spectrum magazine's readers in the January 2005 issue [1]. Concerns about the approach include its similarity to past systems that failed, such as Content Scrambling System (CSS), and the inability to preserve security against attacks that compromise large numbers of players. Jon Lech Johansen ("DVD Jon"), who defeated the original DVD CSS, expected AACS to be cracked by winter 2006/2007 [2].
In late 2006, security expert Peter Gutmann released A Cost Analysis of Windows Vista Content Protection, a technical paper criticizing the implementation of AACS on Windows Vista.Providing this protection incurs considerable costs in terms of system performance, system stability, technical support overhead, and hardware and software cost. These issues affect not only users of Vista but the entire PC industry, since the effects of the protection measures extend to cover all hardware and software that will ever come into contact with Vista, even if it's not used directly with Vista (for example hardware in a Macintosh computer or on a Linux server).
[编辑] 初期
在2006年7月,the first steps towards enabling full AACS-encrypted films to be copied were taken. While great care has been taken with AACS to ensure that contents are encrypted right up to the display device, it was discovered that a perfect copy of any still frame from a film could be captured from certain Blu-ray and HD DVD software players made simply by utilizing the Print Screen function of the Windows operating system. It was hypothesized that this approach could be automated to allow a perfect copy of an entire film to be made, in much the same way that DVD films were copied before the advent of DeCSS, but to date no such copy has been discovered, and this exploit has been closed in subsequent software versions.
Such approaches do not constitute compromises of the AACS encryption itself, relying instead on an officially licensed software player to perform the decryption. As such, the output data will not be in the form of the compressed video from the disc, but rather decompressed video.
[编辑] muslix64的工作以及 BackupHDDVD/BackupBluRay
2006年12月26日,muslix64在Doom9論壇中發表可將HD DVD的內容備份至電腦的程式BackupHDDVD,這個版本並沒有破解AACS的任何一個部份,只是實做AACS公開的解碼規格。讓使用者輸入影片的金鑰,程式會利用輸入的金鑰將AACS加密過的內容解密。但因為這個程式,使得致力於破解AACS的人僅需要把心力放在其他地方。
隨後,在2007年1月3日,muslix64在同一個論壇上發表了新的版本,這個版本支援了以使用者所輸入的Volume Key將內容解密的功能。[1]
同年的1月13日,Doom9論壇上的LordSloth發現如何在WinDVD執行時從記憶體中取得Volume Key。由於這個發現,使得HD-DVD的解碼工作變成可能。沒多久後,第一個利用這個方法所產生的所產生的HD-DVD電影《衝出寧靜號》被利用BitTorrent散佈。這是HD DVD第一次的盜版行為。
2007年1月20日,muslix64公開了BackupBluRay的測試版本,支援對藍光DVD上的AACS解碼。
[编辑] Volume Key的公開
除此之外,在2007年1月15日,有人建立了網站HDKeys.com,蒐集所有已知的HD DVD Volume Key,以及修改過的BackupHDDVD(允許從線上取得Volume Key),不過後來因為DMCA而被撤掉。
2007年1月26日,BBC reported "The AACS group has admitted that a hacker [muslix64] had managed to decrypt some discs and other people were now able to make copies of certain titles." In a recent interview muslix64 said the reason he hacked the AACS was he got angry when a HD-DVD he bought wouldn't play on his monitor because it didn't have the compliant connector. He says "Not being able to play a movie that I have paid for, because some executive in Hollywood decided I cannot, made me mad." Muslix64 also said "I'm just an upset customer. My efforts can be called 'fair use enforcement'."
[编辑] 参考文献
- ↑ BackupHDDVD, a tool to decrypt AACS protected movies (英文) (2007年1月3日) - 於2007年4月13日访问。




