伊士曼柯达公司

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(重定向自Kodak)

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伊士曼柯达公司

公司類型	公开
市場資料	{{{market_information}}}
成立時間	1881年
總部地點	美国纽约羅徹斯特
郵政編號	{{{zip_code}}}
電話號碼	{{{telephone_no}}}
重要人物	丹尼尔·卡普，主席与首席执行官安东尼奥·佩雷斯，董事长与首席运营官
口號	分享此刻，分享生活。（Share moments. Share life.）
產業	摄影/图像
產品	参见柯达产品列表
資本額	{{{capital}}}
營業額	$135.17亿美元 (2004年)
稅前盈餘	{{{operating_income}}}
淨利	{{{profit}}}
員工數	54,800 (2005年)
結算期	{{{accounting_period}}}
母公司	{{{parent}}}
主要部門	{{{divisions}}}
子公司	{{{subsid}}}
網站	www.kodak.com
{{{footnotes}}}

伊士曼柯达公司（Eastman Kodak Company，NYSE：EK ，简称柯达）是一间大型跨国摄影器材公司。柯达公司的前身是由发明家乔治·伊士曼和商人亨利·斯壮在1881年建立的“伊斯曼干版公司”。

作为胶卷、胶片和第一部给非专业人士使用的相机的研发者，例如布朗尼和Instamatic，该公司仍然是世界上最大的胶片供应商之一，包括业余和专业市场。它也进入了其他影像相关领域（例如医疗影像），并继续致力于在不断增长的数码摄影和数码成像行业获得更坚实的立足点。

该公司前身为“伊士曼公司”，1886年，乔治·伊士曼研制出第一架自动照相机，并取名为“柯达(Kodak)”。遂改名。乔治·伊士曼在被人问及此事时回答说：“从语言学上说，‘柯达(Kodak)’这个词就像婴儿说的第一个‘goo’一样毫无意义—简洁、突兀、甚至有点粗鲁，字面上两端都由坚定不妥协的辅音字母截断，听起来就像你面前的相机快门声一样干脆。这就是最好的名字！”该款相机获得巨大成功，“柯达(Kodak)”这个词由此被加入到公司的名称中。

1986年 1月9日，柯达输掉了与宝利来(Polaroid)的专利官司，因此退出了即时拍相机行业。

2004年 1月13日，柯达宣布将停止在美国、加拿大和西欧生产传统胶片相机。到2004年底，柯达将停止制造使用Advanced Photo System和35mm胶片的相机。胶片的生产还将继续。这些变化反映了柯达已将注意力转移到新兴的数码市场中。

该公司总部位于美国纽约羅徹斯特

[编辑] 变化

伊士曼柯达公司于2002年获得首次“公司平等指数”100%评级，该指数由人权运动基金会评定。并且在2003和2004年继续保持该评级。

[编辑] Paper longevity testing

Kodak claims that Ultima Picture Paper had been tested to last 162 years.This was disputed by Wilhelm Imaging Research, who claimed that it only lasted about 10 years. Kodak bases its estimates on typical home light levels of 120 lux for a 12 hour day, a figure based on over 150,000 measurements in consumer homes homes around the world and verified in the fading of actual display prints. The studies, spanning 18 years, were presented at IS&T's Thirteenth International Symposium on Photofinishing Technologies (IS&T, February 2004 , Volume 13 [1] [2]). In addition, the 120 lux level has been used by photographic companies for decades. Wilhelm Imaging Research has used a 450 lux level, which is often cited as an ideal viewing condition, but is not typical of a home environment.

There are other environmental degredation factors that need to be considered when assessing the print life of papers, including heat, humidity and airborne pollutants, in addition to light. Ignoring any of these or overestimating light alone is risky and has led to embarrassing over-predictions of print lifetime, such as that seen in the rapid degradation of some early ink jet prints due to atmospheric contaminants. However, no injet company (until recently) has made any claims about gas-fastness, only about light-fastness, even though many consumers display inkjet prints without the protection of glass (Wilhelm Imaging Research does its lightfastness tests under glass). Recently inket companies like Canon and Epson have been careful to point out that their criteria is on light-fastness and are very specific that they don't guarantee gas-fastness of their papers and inks.

Limiting to light fastness ratings also ignores the fact that more than 90 per cent of consumer photographs are not displayed, but rather stored in albums or shoeboxes, where thermal degredation, particularly thermal yellowing, can be the dominant factor. It is for these reasons that Kodak has long embraced a holistic, multi-factor approach to predicting the lifetime of prints. [3] [4]

When Henry Wilhelm claimed that Kodak's Ultima paper failed meet its 100 year lifetime with some inkjet inks [5], Kodak clarified their statement that "Kodak's new Ultima Picture Paper with ColorLast technology is a significant advancement in picture longevity, with over 100-year degradation resistance when used with state-of-the-art inks. These state-of-the-art inks are widely available in current consumer photo-quality printers." [6]

[编辑] 参见

[编辑] 参考

MSNBC & Reuters' "Kodak to stop selling traditional cameras"
Charles Wright (November 25, 2004). Fade to black. The Sydney Morning Herald.
Bugner, Douglas; LaBarca, Joseph; Kopperl, David; Phillips, Jonathan; Skye, David; Baker, Irene; Cunningham, Caryn; Miller, Paige; and Kaltenbach, Thomas (February 2004). "Survey of Environmental Conditions Relative to Display of Photographs in Consumer Home". IS&T's Thirteenth International Symposium on Photofinishing Technologies. 13, 31-36. ISBN 0-89208-249-6.