Wikipedia:頁面分類與子分類

本页在英语维基百科的对应页面是一项格式指引，但在中文维基百科尚未达成共识，仅供参考。 请参照英语维基对应页面或本页的讨论页内容进一步完善本页，或提议和参与讨论本方针是否可以成为中文维基百科的正式方针或指引。

捷徑： WP:SUBCAT

本條目仍然有文字尚未被翻譯成中文，條目是根據en:Wikipedia:Categorization and subcategories進行翻譯。 歡迎您積極參與翻譯與修訂，目前翻譯的進度為30%。

這裡是Wikipedia:頁面分類的附屬頁面。相關的討論應該到頁面分類的討論頁進行。

在一般的情況下，頁面不應該被同時列入分類及其子分類，舉例來說，黃河不應該被同時列入Category:中國地理及Category:中國河流。但也有一些頁面應該被另外處理。

[编辑] 問題

在決定重複分類前，你應該先看看下面的問題，以決定適不適合：

1. 是否有好的理由將頁面重複分類？有許多應該歸屬於頁面的分類，必須要留在頁面的右端。有時候在討論頁上的討論內容可以幫助你做出決定，如果沒有，請看下一個問題。但願所有重複分配的分類結構都能有一份指南，教導編輯者應該如何做好分類。
2. 在同樣子類別的頁面上是否有一樣的情況？若沒有其他相同情形，以及分類與子分類皆安置良好，代表所有的項目應該只分配在子分類裡。像Category:藝人就是一個例子。如果有項目留著，請看下一個問題。
3. 在子分類底下的條目是否看起來為失誤所致？有時候可能會有一些演員出現在Category:藝人，不過這些少數項目是因為失誤而造成，而且絕大部分看起來是最近才出現的。所有其他演員應該被安置在子分類裡，而被保留下來是一小部分選取的項目。然而若項目本身涵蓋比較廣的範圍，你應該讓它有資格同時存在於一個分類與子分類。

[编辑] 重複分類的原因

這裡有幾種適合的情況說明重複分類可以帶來好處：

1. 基本的原則是，重複分類應該讓使用者查找頁面更方便而不是更困難。
2. 不同的使用者查閱目標時可能會考慮到不同的分類，多重的列舉方式或位置可以讓使用者的目標變得醒目。
3. 維基百科的分類結構允許多重的分類體系並存。這是一項優勢與有利的特徵。分類有如索引一般運作，幫助使用者在不同的題目間穿梭瀏覽。
4. 有些條目可能歸屬於某個子分類，而沒有歸類在母分類裡；若失去重複分類的幫助，使用者可能會因此認為全部的條目都在母分類底下，when this may not actually be the case. （參見底下「用戶利益」規則一節)

[编辑] 重複分類的時機

When deciding for or against duplication, one should bear the above reasons and benefits in mind, in order to weighing up your decision. It is not essential that there be consistency across all of Wikipedia's categories since each case or situation may differ. It is important that the duplication makes sense for the subject matter. Here are some situations where it is true:

[编辑] 不完全的子分類集合

Often an article could belong in more than one subcategory of a major category, but not all of these subcategories will necessarily exist. For example, actor Marlon Brando is in Category:Best Actor Academy Award winners and its parent Category:Film actors.

While it is possible to add Category:Actors who never won an Oscar to complete the categorization scheme with all actors being in one or the other of the subcategories and none in the parent category, this wouldn't make the categories any more useful, and would make it much harder to categorize actors and search for them in categories.

Another example of this is Category:Bridges in New York City and Category:Toll bridges in New York City. ALL the toll bridges are listed in both categories. These situations come about when one hierarchy of categories (Category:Toll bridges in the United States) is a subset of another hierarchy of categories (Category:Bridges in the United States). It might be useful to visualize a Venn diagram in such circumstances.

In a sense the subcategories are related categories and not actually part of the same hierarchy. It also makes it easier to see a complete list of the bridges in each location.

[编辑] 次要分類規則

When an article is put into a subcategory based on an attribute that is not the first thing most people would think of to categorise it, it should be left in the parent category as well.

This includes articles placed in ethnic subcategories within national menus, for example articles in Category:African American basketball players should also be left in Category:American basketball players.

[编辑] 標題條目規則

When an article is the topic article for a category, articles should be placed in the category with the same name. However, the article and the category do not have to be categorized the same way. The article belongs in categories populated with similar articles. The category should be put into categories populated with similar subcategories. For example, see George W. Bush and Category:George W. Bush.

When an article and the subcategory with the same name end up in the same category, the double listing sends the message to the user that there is an article about the topic, and there are also more articles to be found in the subcategory of the same name. It makes it easier to find main topic articles (by eliminating having to go to the subcategory). It also creates a complete listing of articles at the higher level category. It points readers of the topic article to the category and vice versa.

[编辑] 用戶利益規則

Does the removal of duplication affect the reader, making it hard to browse through subjects or spot their target easily? If the answer is yes, you should not remove the duplication.

[编辑] 分類頁面規則

Are there any detailed explanations posted in the category pages that guide people step by step what goes in each category? Many categories will say right on the top of the page what belongs in the category, and how articles should be categorised. Sometimes reading discussions on the talk page helps in making the right decision.

[编辑] 常識規則

如果你仍然不確定重複分類是否可以由上述的情況而決定，最好的方法是用常識（Common Sense）判斷，或是自己決定。

For example, when we look at Category:Musicals and its subcategory Category:Musical films. Some musicals have separate articles for the stage and screen productions and sometimes the same article describes both. Since the articles are not written in a consistent way, the duplication helps users find similar articles when they are browsing through either category.

注意：「常識規則」應該被放在最後當作判斷的標準；當其他的規則都無法決定重複分類是否恰當時，我們才可能藉由「常識規則」判斷。